| Pakistan, "Land of the Pure", officially the Islamic | | | | mountains in the north. There are an estimated 108 |
| Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South | | | | peaks above 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) high that are |
| Asia that overlaps with the Greater Middle East. It | | | | covered in snow and glaciers. Five of the mountains |
| has a thousand-kilometre coastline along the Arabian | | | | in Pakistan (including the majestic famous Karakoram |
| Sea in the south and borders Afghanistan and Iran to | | | | Range peak of K2 the official declared National |
| the west, India to the east and the People's Republic | | | | Mountain and Nanga Parbat) are over 8,000 metres |
| of China in the far northeast. | | | | (26,000 ft). Linking Indian-occupied Kashmir to the |
| Pakistan was established as a modern state in 1947, | | | | Northern Areas of Pakistan and running the length of |
| as one of the two parts of the partitioned British | | | | the country is the Indus River with its many |
| India, but the region has a long history of settlement | | | | tributaries. To the west of the Indus are the dry, hilly |
| and civilisation including the Indus Valley Civilisation. | | | | deserts of Balochistan; to the east are the rolling |
| The region was invaded by Afghans, Greeks, | | | | sand dunes of the Thar Desert. Most areas of Punjab |
| Persians, Arabs, and was incorporated into British Raj | | | | and parts of Sindh are fertile plains where agriculture |
| in the nineteenth century. Since independence, | | | | is of great importance. The climate varies as much as |
| Pakistan has experienced times of significant military | | | | the scenery with cold winters and hot summers in |
| and economic growth, and times of instability, with | | | | the north and a mild climate in the south, moderated |
| the loss of East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh). | | | | by the influence of the ocean. The central parts have |
| Pakistan has an extensive ancient history that | | | | extremely hot summers with temperatures rising to |
| overlaps with the histories of Ancient India, Iran and | | | | 45 ºC (113 ºF), followed by very cold |
| Afghanistan. The region was a crossroads of historic | | | | winters, often falling below freezing. |
| trade routes, including the Silk Road, and was settled | | | | Many cultural practices, foods, monuments, and |
| over thousands of years by many groups including | | | | shrines in Pakistan were inherited from the rule of |
| Dravidians, Indo-Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Scythians, | | | | Muslim Mughal and Afghan emperors. The rich variety |
| Parthians Kushans, White Huns, Afghans, Turks, | | | | of Pakistani music ranges from diverse provincial folk |
| Mongols and Arabs. | | | | music and traditional styles such as Qawwali and |
| Pakistan is divided into four provinces viz., North | | | | Ghaza Gayaki to modern forms fusing traditional and |
| West Frontier Province (NWFP), Punjab, Sindh and | | | | western music, such as the synchronisation of |
| Balochistan. The tribal belt adjoining NWFP is managed | | | | Qawwali and western music by the renowned Nusrat |
| by the Federal Government and is named FATA i.e., | | | | Fateh Ali Khan. |
| Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Azad Kashmir and | | | | Tourism is a growing industry in Pakistan, based on |
| Northern Areas have their own respective political | | | | its diverse cultures, peoples and landscapes. Examples |
| and administrative machinery, yet certain of their | | | | include ancient civilization ruins such as Mohenjo-daro, |
| subjects are taken care of by the Federal | | | | Harappa and Taxila, to the Himalayan hill stations that |
| Government through the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs | | | | attract those interested in field sports and winter |
| and Northern Areas. | | | | sports. Pakistan is home to several mountain peaks |
| Pakistan has an estimated population of 165,803,560, | | | | over 7000m, which attracts adventurers and |
| as of April 2006, which is the world's sixth largest | | | | mountaineers from the around the world, especially |
| population . Census data indicates that 96% of the | | | | to K2. The northern parts of Pakistan have many old |
| population are Muslims of whom nearly 80% are | | | | fortresses, towers and other architecture as well as |
| Sunni Muslims and 19% are Shi'a Muslims. The | | | | the Hunza and Chitral valleys, the latter being home |
| remainder comprises of Christians and Hindus, Jews, | | | | to the small pre-Islamic animist Kalasha community |
| Sikhs, Zoroastrians, Ahmadis, and Animists (mainly the | | | | who claim descent from the army of Alexander the |
| Kalash in Chitral). Urdu is the national language of | | | | Great. Punjab is the site of Alexander's battle on the |
| Pakistan, but English is the official language used in | | | | Jhelum River and the historic city Lahore, Pakistan's |
| the Constitution and widely used by corporate | | | | cultural capital with many examples of Mughal |
| businesses, the educated urban elite and most | | | | architecture such as the Badshahi Masjid and the |
| universities. Punjabi is spoken by over 60 million | | | | Shalimar Gardens. |
| people, but has no official recognition in the country. | | | | Pakistan is growing up a bit slowly in |
| The population comprises several main ethnic groups, | | | | telecommunication. Though a few multinational |
| most of whom speak Indo-Iranian languages - | | | | companies started operating there, calling Pakistan |
| Punjabis, Pakhtuns, Sindhis, Seraikis, Muhajirs, Balochis | | | | from other countries and through VOIP is not that |
| and others. | | | | cheap. Most services started their Pakistan phone |
| The different types of natural features in Pakistan | | | | card rate from 12 cents. Pakistan calling card is |
| range from the sandy beaches, lagoons, and | | | | available in various pc2phone service websites based |
| mangrove swamps of the southern coast to | | | | on Pakistan and other countries. Several prepaid |
| preserved moist temperate forests and the icy | | | | calling card and phone card companies are available to |
| peaks of the Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindu Kush | | | | call both to and from Pakistan. |