Contract Law In The Kingdom Of Thailand

A contract is an exchange of promises between twochoice of forum clause that specifies which nation a
or more people for a particular purpose. It is a legallycomplaint may be filed and a legal case may be
enforceable agreement that generates aenforced in court. Notice of the terms must be given
commitment to do or not to do something. Theat or before concluding the contract. The terms must
central part of most contracts is a set of sharedbe referred to or contained in a document that was
promises. The promises are made by the parties thatprojected to have contractual effect; and reasonable
describe the privileges and obligations of the parties.steps must be taken to bring the terms to
The term 'party' can mean an individual, company orconcentration of the other party.
corporation. No matter what kind of contract youThe TCCC states that the laws of that country will
take, having an understanding of contract law is aapply if the parties are of the same nationality.
central part to establish sound business agreementsHowever, if the parties are not of the same
that will be lawfully enforceable in the event when anationality, the law of the country where the
clash arises.contract has been made will apply. For instance
In Thailand, the contract law is controlled by thewhere a contract has been made between parties at
Thailand Civil & Commercial Code (TCCC) and othera distance, the country where the contract is
Thai legal authorities. The contract is adeemed to have been made is the country where
comprehensive description of the obligations andnotice of the acceptance reaches the seller. If such a
duties and the time limit for performance of theplace cannot be determined, the law of the country
parties. The law gives the parties comparativelywhere the contract is to be performed shall govern.
broad freedom to agree any terms. The general ruleAgreements between foreigners and Thai nationals
of contract under the TCCC is that the contract isare enforceable in Thailand. Real estate, purchase and
binding and concluded where the offer is acceptedsale of property, hotel and property management,
and the recognition is communicated from theguarantees, construction are the important contracts
offeree to the offeror. All contracts should be giventhat are entered into between foreigners and Thai
in the form of a written document signed by thepartners. Shareholder agreements, employment, trust
two parties. One of the major risk areas is that theagreements, loan, joint ventures, franchising, licensing
laws especially restrict activities of foreigners, such asand distributorship are other types of contracts that
the Foreign Business Act and Land Act.are found to be very common. According to TCCC, if
As in any common law system, concluding a contracta contract of sale is subject to a time clause or to a
requires offer, acceptance, formality, considerationcondition, the ownership of the property is not
and intention to create a legal relationship. Thetransferred until the condition is fulfilled, or the time
contract encompass terms that are expressly agreedhas arrived. The completion time of the contract of
upon by the people as well as implied conditions thatsale is referred to hereafter as the time of sale. The
were not particularly arranged but implied into thecosts of a sale contract are paid by both parties
contract by act or court explanation. In general,equally.
implied terms may not be inconsistent with theIf a disagreement over a contract arises and informal
express terms of a contract. At common law, courtsattempts at resolution fail; the most common
would usually imply a term into a contract if it ismethod used to enforce contracts and resolve
necessary to provide effectiveness to the contractcontract disputes is through the court system and
from a business point of view.lawsuits. Courts and formal lawsuits are not the only
Actually there are two different areas where theoption for people and businesses involved in contract
place of the contract becomes important. Thedisputes. The parties can have a mediator to review
foremost is the selection of law clause. It describesa contract dispute, or may agree to binding
the law of which nation will apply. The second is thearbitration of a contract dispute.